Mu myaka myinshi ishize, hakomeje gukwirakwira imvugo ivuga ko abagore bavuga amagambo menshi cyane kurusha abagabo. Hari n’abemeza ko ku munsi umwe umugore ashobora kuvuga amagambo agera ku 20,000, mu gihe umugabo we atarenza 7,000. Iyi mibare yakomeje gusubirwamo mu bitangazamakuru, ku mbuga nkoranyambaga no mu biganiro bya buri munsi, bituma benshi bayifata nk’ukuri kudashidikanywaho.
Ariko se, ese koko hari ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bugaragaza ko abagore bavuga amagambo menshi bene ako kageni? Cyangwa ni imwe mu myumvire yakwirakwijwe imyaka myinshi idafite gihamya ihagije?
Inkomoko y’iyi myumvire
Abahanga bamwe mu by’imitekerereze y’abantu bagaragaje ko hari itandukaniro rito mu buryo abagore n’abagabo bakoresha ururimi. Bemeza ko abagore bakunze gukoresha ibiganiro nk’uburyo bwo gusangira amarangamutima, kubaka umubano no gukomeza gusabana n’abandi, mu gihe abagabo bo akenshi bakoresha amagambo bagamije gutanga amakuru cyangwa gukemura ibibazo.
Ibi byatumye bamwe banzura ko abagore bavuga amagambo menshi kurusha abagabo. Nyamara, iyo usuzumye ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwakozwe mu bice bitandukanye by’isi, usanga iryo tandukaniro ritari rinini nk’uko benshi babyizera.
Ubushakashatsi ku bana bugaragaza itandukaniro rito cyane
Ubusesenguzi bwakozwe ku bushakashatsi 73 bwakorewe ku bana bwerekanye ko abakobwa bashobora kuvuga amagambo menshi kurusha abahungu bakiri bato. Icyakora, iryo tandukaniro ryagaragaraga gusa mu biganiro bagiranaga n’ababyeyi babo.
Iyo abo bana babaga baganira n’inshuti zabo cyangwa bari mu bindi bikorwa bisanzwe, iryo tandukaniro ryahitaga ribura. Byongeye kandi, ibi byagaragaraga cyane mbere y’uko umwana ageza ku myaka ibiri n’igice, bigaragaza ko bishobora guterwa n’uko abakobwa bamwe batangira kuvuga hakiri kare kurusha abahungu, aho kuba ari itandukaniro riranga igitsina muri rusange.
Mu bantu bakuru ho ubushakashatsi bwerekana iki?
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Campbell Leaper, umushakashatsi wo muri University of California, Santa Cruz, bwerekanye ko mu bihe bimwe na bimwe abagabo ari bo bavugaga amagambo menshi kurusha abagore, nubwo iryo tandukaniro na ryo ryari rito cyane.
Yagaragaje kandi ko ibisubizo byabonwaga mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe muri laboratwari bitandukanye n’ibigaragara mu buzima busanzwe. Mu bice bimwe by’igeragezwa, abagabo bagaragaraga bavuga cyane, ariko mu buzima bwa buri munsi nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryagaragaraga hagati y’impande zombi.
Ibi byerekana ko uburyo abantu bavugamo buterwa cyane n’aho bari, abo bari kumwe n’icyo bari kuganiraho, aho guterwa gusa n’igitsina.
Ubusesenguzi bw’ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwanze uyu mwanzuro
Mu mwaka wa 1993, Deborah James na Janice Drakich basesenguye ubushakashatsi 56 bwari bwarakozwe kuri iyi ngingo.
Mu bushakashatsi 34 muri bwo, abagabo ni bo bagaragaye bavuga amagambo menshi mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Mu bushakashatsi bubiri gusa ni bwo abagore bagaragaye bavuga menshi kurusha abagabo, mu gihe ubundi bwose butabonye itandukaniro rifatika.
Ibi byerekanye ko nta gihamya ihagije yemeza ko abagore ari bo bavuga amagambo menshi kurusha abagabo muri rusange.
Ikoranabuhanga ryafashije gupima amagambo abantu bavuga
Mu mwaka wa 2007, James Pennebaker wo muri University of Texas, Austin, yasohoye ubushakashatsi bwamamaye mu kinyamakuru Science. Aho gukoresha ibibazo cyangwa ibiganiro byo muri laboratwari gusa, yifashishije ikoranabuhanga ryafata amajwi y’abitabiriye ubushakashatsi mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.
Ibyavuye muri ubwo bushakashatsi byagaragaje ko abagore bo muri Amerika na Mexique bavugaga impuzandengo y’amagambo 16,215 ku munsi, mu gihe abagabo bavugaga 15,669.
Ni ukuvuga ko itandukaniro ryari amagambo 546 gusa ku munsi, kure cyane y’imibare ya 20,000 na 7,000 yakunze kuvugwa.
Abashakashatsi bavuze ko iryo tandukaniro rito ridahagije kugira ngo umuntu avuge ko igitsina kimwe kivuga cyane kurusha ikindi.
Uruhare rw’umuntu n’imiterere y’ibiganiro
Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko uburyo umuntu avuga bushingira cyane ku nshingano afite n’aho ari.
Urugero, Janet Holmes wo muri Victoria University of Wellington yasesenguye inama za rubanda zirenga ijana asanga abagabo ari bo bakunze kubaza ibibazo byinshi no gufata ijambo kenshi mu ruhame, nubwo rimwe na rimwe baba ari bake mu bitabiriye inama.
Mu rugo, mu kazi, mu rusengero cyangwa mu nama z’akazi, uburyo abantu bavuga bushobora guhinduka bitewe n’inshingano zabo, umuco w’aho batuye ndetse n’icyo bagamije kugeraho.
Ni hehe havuye imibare ya 20,000 na 7,000?
Imibare ivuga ko umugore avuga amagambo 20,000 ku munsi naho umugabo akavuga 7,000 yakwirakwijwe cyane nyuma y’uko Louann Brizendine ayitangaje mu gitabo cye The Female Brain cyasohotse mu 2006.
Nyuma y’aho, Prof. Mark Lieberman wo muri University of Pennsylvania yakoze isesengura ryimbitse asanga iyo mibare idafite ubushakashatsi buyishyigikira.
Nyuma yo kunengwa n’abahanga batandukanye, umwanditsi w’icyo gitabo yemeye gukuramo iyo mibare mu nyandiko zakurikiyeho kuko nta shingiro rya siyansi yari ifite.
Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwakozwe mu bihugu bitandukanye bugaragaza ko nta tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati y’umubare w’amagambo abagore n’abagabo bavuga ku munsi.
Ahubwo, uburyo umuntu avuga amagambo menshi cyangwa make bushingira ku bintu byinshi birimo umuco, imyaka, urwego rw’amashuri, akazi akora, aho ari, abo bari kumwe, amarangamutima ndetse n’icyo ibiganiro bishingiyeho.
Ibi bisobanuye ko imvugo ivuga ko “abagore bavuga amagambo 20,000 ku munsi naho abagabo bakavuga 7,000” ari umwe mu myumvire yamamaye cyane, ariko ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bukaba butayishyigikira. Ahubwo, abahanga bagaragaza ko itandukaniro riri hagati y’abagore n’abagabo mu kuvuga riba rito cyane cyangwa rimwe na rimwe ntiriboneke na gato, bitewe n’imiterere y’ibiganiro n’ibihe umuntu arimo.
